In 1857, Michael Faraday stated “ there is plenty of room at the bottom” regarding the development of nanomaterials, sparking renewed interest in their synthesis and characterization by demonstrating the unique optical properties of gold nanoparticles. It contains a mixture of large silver and smaller gold nanoparticles, producing a greenish color when illuminated from the front due to light scattering, and a red hue when lighted from the back owing to the adsorption of light by the gold nanoparticles.Ī variety of metallic nanoparticles were used regularly in the manufacture of colored glass and ceramics from the 6 th century onwards in various regions of the world, often produced in specific shape and size to tailor the inherent optical properties of the particle, though before the development of electron microscopes in the 1930’s and 40’s this could not be known. One particularly ancient example is the Lycurgus cup, an object of Roman origin currently on display in the British Museum. LSPR occurs due to the in-phase resonance of conduction band electrons belonging to the nanomaterial with incident light, and has historically been exploited in the creation of colored glass. These nanoparticles strongly absorb light at a specific wavelength due to a phenomenon known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Nanoparticles constructed from plasmonic materials such as silver and gold exhibit unique optical properties not observed at the bulk scale.
The History of Nanomaterial Manufacturing Since then, nanotechnology has been explored for applications in medicine as drug delivery vehicles, diagnostic agents, and tailored multifunctional theranostic platforms. Renewed interest in nanotechnology occurred during the 20 th century with the advent of the reliable synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles of various materials by bottom-up chemical methods.
Humans have reportedly utilized metal and metal oxide nanoparticle colloids for thousands of years for dubious medical purposes.
Nanobiomaterials are nanoscale objects intended for biotechnology applications. In this article, the historical and future trends in the production and use of nanobiomaterials will be discussed.
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